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Industrial information economy is a term coined by Harvard University Professor Yochai Benkler. Benkler discusses this term in-depth in his 2006 book ''The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms Markets and Freedom''. Industrial information economy is the first form of information economy and has existed since the late-nineteenth century and into the twentieth-century . Recently, industrial information economy evolved into a new form known as networked information economy with the advent of the Internet . It represents one in which consumers are passive, as opposed to the networked information economy in which consumers are active often to the point of equally being producers (either in terms of creativity or by allowing usage of their idle processing, storage or bandwidth). In addition, industrial information economy promoted the dominance of the mega-corporation, and created passive workers who had no control over what they produced or consumed.〔Paliwala, Abdul. ' 'Free Culture, Global Commons and Social Justice in Information Technology Diffusion' '. Law, Social Justice & Global Development, 2007, p. 9.〕 Benkler contends that within the industrial information economy "most opportunities to make things that were valuable and important to many people were constrained by the physical capital requirements of making them" and thus in comparison to the networked information economy undemocratic. Based on information technology, according to Paliwala, the industrial information economy was centred on information and cultural production, and the manipulation of symbols whereas the networked information economy is based on communications.〔Paliwala, Abdul. ' 'Free Culture, Global Commons and Social Justice in Information Technology Diffusion' '. Law, Social Justice & Global Development, 2007, p. 8-9.〕 Benkler points out that the incumbents of the industrial information economy are threatened by the networked information economy. In response to this threat he references examples of the incumbents fighting back; including the broadcast flag and the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. Other well known examples could have equally have been added such as telephone operator blocking of Skype , the HDCP standard as well as other forms of digital rights management such as those found in Microsoft Vista . Benkler warns that how the battle between the incumbents of the industrial information economy against the emerging networked information economy plays out, the life of individuals in the world's most advanced economies will be deeply affected. He states :
In his introduction to Wealth of Networks, Benkler suggests that the industrial information economy will make our culture more transparent and malleable. This will happen because easy and quick access to information will let us learn in real time about our present culture. His ideas are drawn from and supported by legal scholars Niva Elkin Koren, Terry Fisher, Larry Lessig, and Jack Balkin who have talked about how the Internet democratizes culture. (Benkler, 2006 p. 15)
==Historical Origins of Industrial Information Economy== :The industrial information economy (aka information economy) traces back to the Industrial Revolution and to the resulting crisis of control. Advanced industrial nations began to recognize how usable information could be a means of controlling their respective economies. During the 1880s and 1890s, the notion of efficiently producing and using information was key to controlling physical processes and human behaviour (Benkler 2003, p. 1251). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』 ■ウィキペディアで「Industrial information economy」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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